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Simplicity and complexity in the Final Tower

With this excellent article on the final co-written by the GMF by Maestro Alexei and Elena Sedina Kosikov (published in the May 2001 magazine Torre & Cavallo Check! ), end of August due to holiday updates. We will be directly affected in September for the highly anticipated super tournament in Bilbao. I do not wish you a successful greeting you in August with Article

Simplicity and complexity in the Final Tower

of GMF and Elena Sedina m Alexej Kosikov

Today it is difficult to imagine a chess player with a high level without the necessary skills to play the final without having developed the technique of creation of material or positional advantage.

Why do I need to know the ending?

would not be possible in further sports betting only in the preparation of the openings, the middle game tactics and strategy of trying to hit your opponent right from the start of the game, without going into the final? Yes, you may do so but only if it does not arise as to increase their playing strength beyond the level of national categories. To reach the upper class is also necessary to work seriously on the final for the following reasons:

1. The finish is the last and final stage of the game of chess. Many of us may remember painful episodes from their own practice when a chess game played in an excellent middle game was wasted in the final! It is not difficult to name many chess players, including the Grand Masters of the modern era is that of the past that have failed to achieve great success because of their low level of play in the final.
2. The playing strength of chess, the level of its comrensione chess, depends not only on its ability to accurately assess the situation on the board but also the ability to predict the course of future events also related to possible changes of the pieces and, consequently, the transfer of the match in the final. After all, it is clear that the "final-fantasy" influence the course of fighting are only in the middle game, but even already at the beginning.
3. early stages of chess improvement factor for the assessment of the position is simply the amount of Women "on the board and then almost always the fate of the match is decided in the opening or middle game. But with the increase of the final chess skill captain more often and the level of Masters or Grand Masters of the smallest 'position that is exploited in the final, can become decisive.

What are the characteristics that distinguish it from the end of the middle game?

1. Il fattore determinante è la relativa sicurezza del Re e quindi la possibilità della sua centralizzazione.
2. La quantità dei pezzi sulla scacchiera è limitata. Questo comporta l'estrema necessità della loro attivazione (compresa la centralizzazione del re).
3. Il ruolo dei pedoni in finale aumenta.
4. La maggiore importanza del tempo e quindi la necessità del calcolo preciso delle varianti.
5. Aumenta il ruolo delle "sottigliezze", dei più insignificanti cambi nella posizione. Di conseguenza ogni finale esige, di regola, una valutazione concreta. Le ragioni generali spesso risultano sbagliate.

In che cosa si rivela la specificità dei finali Tower that distinguishes them from all other types of users? For several reasons, especially the end of Torre require much study. First, they happen more often. In most parts of the light openings and Women "contacted" immediately (and, as a result, will be changed soon) while the towers start to play later, when the columns are open. Second, the end of Torre contain many theoretical positions (positions with small amounts of pedestrians), whose knowledge is absolutely necessary, while in other types of end-theoretical positions are often very simple or otherwise resolved by general methods. And, mainly, many end-of Torre seem very simple, but almost always gli studi più profondi rivelano delle risorse nascoste. Dietro l'apparente semplicità molto spesso si nascondono delle complicazioni. Bisogna stare attenti a non essere superficiali, valutando i finali di Torre!

diagramma 1

diagramma 2

Date uno sguardo a queste due posizioni. Sono simili come due gocce d'acqua mentre la loro valutazione è completamente diversa. Prima di leggere gli ulteriori commenti cercate di decidere da soli quale delle due è vinta per il Bianco e quale invece è patta. Probabilmente avrete capito che nella posizione del diagramma 1 il Bianco non manages to win: 1.Rf4 TA4 + TA5 + 2.Re5 3.Rd6 TA6 + 4.Rc7 4.Rc5 Ta7 4 ... Ta7 + 5.Rc6 Ta8 6.Rb7 TF8 7.Rc7 Ta8 White can not win. Other continuations do not change the assessment: 1.Tf4 TB8 2.Ta4 TB5 ; 1.f7 + TF8 2.Tf6 RG7 3.Rh5 3.Rf5 TF7 3 ... Th8 + + 4.Th6 Txh6 . In the second posizoone White wins simply continuing 1.Te1 TA4 TA6 3.Te6 + + 2.Te4 Txe6 4.fxe6.

How to study the final?

We can recommend some form of study.

1. Especially the analysis of their matches ("know thyself and you shall know the truth"). For each surely happen to play chess so many interesting final. Carefully analyzing and studying them can not only find errors but also to draw conclusions relevant to the understanding of the end in general. The study of final
2. instructive chess played by the best modern and the past. The annotated games not only verbally but also through variations acquire a particular value here. It must be stressed, however, the need to develop the critical attitude to develop their own point of view, which in some cases may not be identical to that of the commentator.
3. The study of chess literature specialist, for example "The endings in chess Averbakh, "The theory of the final tower of Smyslov and Levenfish, the Yugoslav" Encyclopedia of the end "etc.. Working with these volumes is important not to "drown" in the flow of information gained by recalling that the end has not so much the quantity of stored positions as the contribution to their knowledge of the final system. The resolution of the studies. A systematic work with the chess composition is used to: a) increase the volume of theoretical positions (which often end up with major and minor variations in the studies) are already known. b) to increase knowledge of the main methods of play in the final. c) improve the technique of calculus of variations, analytical skills.

The following diagram, find the solution yourself, then check if your answer is correct. Be persevering in the search for solution!

V. Chehover

The White is saved in an unexpected way: 1.Rf8! After 1 ... e2 d2 2.Te7 Rd1 3.f5 f7 pawn comes to reaching the theoretical position of flap. 2.Td7 3.Txd2 e2 +! RXD2 4.f5 5.f6 e1 = D and the unfortunate disposition of the King and the Black Woman can bring to the White pawn on f7, reaching a draw theoretically.

What it studies how to solve this?

1. is expanding the volume of theoretical positions are already known (the final position of the solution).
2. spread the fantasy (the move 1.Rf8! Is not entirely clear).
3. It develops the ability to deepen the analysis (at first glance the problem seems unsolvable.)

What, exactly, one must know the end?

The deep understanding of end-of any type is based on four foundations:

1. The end of theoretical knowledge.
2. the accuracy of the variants.
3. The study of the typical methods of play.
4. The analysis of positions giocare (non teoriche).

I finali teorici.

Tutti i finali negli scacchi possono essere divisi in due categorie: finali teorici e finali da giocare. I finali con la quantità limitata dei pezzi sulla scacchiera (di regola fino a 7), la valutazione dei quali è esatta e può essere definita immediatamente senza alcun calcolo delle varianti, sono considerati teorici. L'allargamento delle conoscenze delle posizioni teoriche facilita le ricerche delle soluzioni nelle posizioni di gioco difficili, mentre l'ignoranza in questa materia può provocare situazioni indesiderate o addirittura imbarazzanti. Ancora nel 1906 S. Tarrasch analizzò una delle posizioni chiave per tutta la teoria the final tower.

S. Tarrasch, 1906

Step to Black Black reaches the continuing flap Ta7 + 1 ... 1 ... Loses Ta8 2.Tg1 + 1 ... or Tg2 2.Re8 follow 3.e7. 2.Td7 2.Rd6 Rf8; Kd8 RF6 Ta8 2 ...! The more accurate, but enough for Patti almost all other moves of the Black Tower on the column 'a'. For example, 2 ... Ra1 (or even 2 ... TA5) 3.Re8 RF6 4.e7 + Re6 + Tf1 5.Rf8 6.Re8 Ta1 with parity. Lose only move 2 ... TA6? 3.Re8 RF6 4.e7 +, and Black is ruined due to lack of check on the column 'f'. 3.Td8 3.Rd6 Rf8 After the flap is evident. On 3.Tb7 (or 3.Tc7) is easier for Black to continue with 3 ... Rg6 4.Rd7 RF6 5.e7 Rf7. 3 ... Ta7 +! Here the move 3 ... Ra1? 4.Re8 and lost after 5.e7. 4.Rd6 5.Re5 TA5 TA6 + +! 6.Td5 Ta8 7.Td7 + Rg6! with parity. And now we see the end of a match played 23 years later by chess players who do not need any recommendation.

Capablanca - Mencik
Hastings, 1929-1906

We have the same position Tarrasch moved to a vertical one, which does not change anything. The finish of this match was of no interest if at least one of the opponents had dimostrato la conoscenza dell'analisi di Tarrasch. La partita è andata così: 1...Ta6?? 1...Tb8!; 1...Tb4 2.Tb7? 2.Rf8+ 2...Ta8! 3.Te7 Ta6?? 4.Rf8+ Rg6 Perdeva anche 4...Rh8 dopo 5.f7 Ta8+ 6.Te8 Ta7 7.Te1 (è possibile anche Td8 seguito da Re8) 7...Ta8+ 8.Re7 Ta7+ 9.Rf6. Ma la "commedia degli errori" non è finita qui... 5.f7 Ta8+ 6.Te8 Ta7 7.Te6+ Rh7 8.Re8?? Il modo più semplice per vincere è il seguente: 8.Te1 Ta8+ (se 8...Rg6 9.Rg8) 9.Re7 Ta7+ (se 9...Rg7 10.f8=D+) 10.Rf6 Ta6+ 11.Te6 Ta8 12.Te8 Ta6+ 13.Re5 Ta5+ 14.Rd4. 8...Ta8+ 9.Re7 Ta7+?? Dopo 9...Rg7 10.Ta6 Tb8 11.Ta7 Tf8 (11...Tc8) si sarebbe again checked the same position. 10.Rf6 and Black leaves. But the following location was judged wrongly by Tarrasch lost for Black.

Tarrasch 1909

Step to Black Tarrasch argued its assessment with the following reasoning. After 1.a7 occurs, no doubt, the position of a draw. Black makes his moves with the tower on the waiting column 'a' or with the King (only on houses g7 and h7), and when the white king will attempt to leave the Tower a8 playing RB6 (b7) then Dark Tower will check any obliging the King to move away from White's pawn then return again on the 'a'. But with the a6 pawn in the situation is not so clear. King's attempt to approach the black pawn of Bianco is not real: the column 'e' is "undermined." As soon as the King occupied the black box e7 (or e6), White would play immediately threatening a7 Th8 at which point the Black lacking a time, want to go back to g7 want to approach the white pawn. The passive behavior of the black will instead break into the White A7 with the King (which is why the pawn to be taken into a6) and, therefore, to leave the White Tower with the move followed by promotion TB8 unstoppable. Here, for example, the variant cited by Tarrasch to confirm the victory of the White 1 ... Rf7 2.Rf3 TA4 3.Re3 RG7 RG7 4.Rd3 Rf7 5.Rc3 6.Rb3 Ta1 7.Rb4 Rf7 8.Rb5 TB1 + If 8 ... Ta2 Ta1 9.Td8 RE7 10.Td4 11.Ta4 TB1 12.Ra5 +, or 9 ... Tc2 10.Rc6 + 11.Rb7 + TB2 + TB2 12.Ra7 RE7 13.Tb8 winning. 9.Rc6 Tc1 + 10.Rb7 + TB1 TB1 13.Rb7 Ra1 11.Ra7 + RE7 12.Tb8 14.Ra8 Ra1 15.a7 15 ... Rd7 16.Rb7 RD6 TB1 + 17.Ra6 19.Rc5 Ra1 + 18.Rb6 + tb1 16. RB7 TB1 17.Rc8 + Tc1 + Th1 19.Tb6 18.Rd8 + RC5 + RB5 20.Tc6 20 ... RD5 21.Ta6 21.Tc8 Th8 22.Rc7 + TH7 23.Rb8 + and White wins. V. Rauser and I. Rabinovich not accept this analysis, after which the same position was studied in detail by P. Romanovskij. In the Tarrasch variation of the Black lost because they do the passive tactics. Was necessary to save have the opportunity to attack the King of the White Tower when it came to defending the a6 pawn, but did not allow him to hide in a7. So the basic plan is to be able to transfer from A1 Tower on Sixth street, preparing for the attack side. Now it's easy to find the solution to the initial position: 1 ... TA5! 2.Rf3 TF5 TF6 + 3.Re4 4.Re5 Threatening 4.Tg8 +. 4 ... TC6 5.Rd5 TF6 6.Rc5 6.a7 TA6 6 ... Rh7 7.Rb5 TF5 +! 8.Rb6 9.Rb5 TF5 TF6 + 10.Rb4 + TF6 TF7 11.a7 TA6 11 ...? 12.Th8 12.Rb5 Ra1 13.Rb6 + TB1 + and is a draw. Despite the fact that the positions just discussed are relatively simple, we show several examples in which even the Grand Masters were unconvincing in their game in this final.

Szabo - Tukmakov

Move to White. The pedestrian 'h' in this position does not really matter. Patti White has only to wait while the possibility of attack side of the a5 pawn. For example: 1.Tb5 RD6 2.Tf5 Ta1 3.Rh2! a3 a4 4.Tf4 5.Tf3 6.Tb3 RC5 RC4 (6 ... 7.Ta3 a2) 7.Tf3 8.Tf4 RB4 +. As we see it is possible to force a draw without any particular concern, you just know how to do it ... The game has gone rather well: 1.Rg2?! RD6 2.Rf2?! Ta2 + 3.Re1? 3.Rg1! kept ancora la posizione di patta. 3...Ta1+ 4.Re2 Perdeva anche 4.Rd2 a causa di 4...Th1! 5.Txa5 h3 6.Th5 h2 7.Re2 Ta1! 4...a4 5.Th6+ Se 5.Txh4 a3 6.Ta4 a2 e poi Th1! 5...Re5 6.Th5+ Rf6 7.Rf2 a3 8.Rg2 Tc1 9.Ta5 Tc3 e il bianco ha abbandonato.
Senz'altro il processo di studio delle posizioni teoriche deve essere un processo creativo. Memorizzando le posizioni del genere e i metodi di gioco, è necessario giungere a delle conclusioni e generalizzazioni che permettano di allargare il volume delle posizioni teoriche in un certo tipo di finali. Per esempio, analizzando la posizione 6, è stato stabilito che il Nero raggiunge la patta se riesce a trasferire la Torre all'attacco laterale del pedone a6 senza permettere alla Torre bianca di lasciare la casa a8. P. Romanovskij ha individuato la seguente zona di patta per tale finale:

Se il Re bianco si trovasse dentro la zona evidenziata, allora il Nero riuscirebbe a pattare, trasferendo la Torre sulla sesta traversa. Invitiamo i lettori a persuadersi di ciò da soli. Per aumentare ed approfondire le conoscenze sulle posizioni teoriche bisogna anche cercare di imparare alcune regole che potrebbero risultare utili per trovare delle soluzioni giuste anche nelle posizioni sconosciute. Questo lavoro potrebbe risultare più appagante rispetto alla semplice memorizzazione delle numerose posizioni teoriche. Ad esempio, per rendere fruttuoso l'attacco del pedone difeso dal Re with the Tower, it requires a certain space - the distance between the tower and the pedestrian should not be less than three vertical. The following position Black can not save because of the unfortunate position of the tower (too close to the pedestrian) and the King's black g6.

M. Grigoriev, 1937

1 ... TB7 + + 2.Tg1 was threatened. If 2.Rd6 TB6 + + 2 ... and then RF6 3.Tf1 4.e7. 3.Rd7 TB7 + 4.Rd8 RF6 4 ... If TB8 + TB2 5.Rc7 6.Te1. TB8 5.e7 Re8 + 6.Rc7 6 ... Th8 7.Te1 Rf7 8.Rd7. 7.Rd6 TB8 8.Tf1 9.Rc7 Ta8 10.Ta1 + RG7! Th8 and 11.Rd7 wins. The difficulties in store theoretical positions regarding the final tower is also determined by their concreteness: the change of an insignificant detail at first glance may change the assessment. In the last diagram we put the black king to g7 g6 instead (this is the best position because in some cases the King has the chance to go to f8).

M. Grigoriev, 1937

1 ... 2.Rd6 TB6 TB7 + + 2 ... Rf8? 3.Ta8 + RG7 4.e7 3.Rd7 TB7 TB8 + + 4.Rd8 5.Rc7 TB2 6.Tf1 Ta2 and because the tower is drawn in accordance with rule 3 vertical occupied the correct position. We want to again draw your attention to the need for creative approach to the study of theoretical positions: their storage must not be mechanical, but designed and logically reasoned, each memory location should become part of your system of general knowledge on end.